Security & Safety Resource Center

Cookies are not automatically bad. In fact, many websites would feel broken without them. But not all cookies do the same thing, and understanding the difference between regular browser cookies and tracking cookies can help you protect your privacy without making the web harder to use.

What are browser cookies?

A browser cookie is a small piece of information saved by your web browser when you visit a website. The FTC explains that cookies help websites recognize your device later, remember your preferences, keep items in a shopping cart, and customize your browsing experience.

Common uses include:

• Keeping you signed in
• Remembering language or display settings
• Saving shopping cart items
• Maintaining website sessions
• Helping websites understand basic site performance

These are usually called first-party cookies when they are created by the website you are actively visiting. MDN explains that a cookie is considered first-party when the cookie’s domain matches the site shown in your browser’s address bar.

What are tracking cookies?

Tracking cookies are usually used to follow activity across websites, often for advertising, analytics, or profiling. The FTC says websites and apps may use cookies or pixels to identify users after they leave a site, and third-party tracking can let companies track users across many websites.

Mozilla explains that third-party trackers can use cross-site cookies to collect information about the websites you visit and send that information to other companies, often for advertising.

In simple terms:

• Browser cookie: Helps a site remember something useful.
• Tracking cookie: Helps companies follow behavior across sites.

Why do tracking cookies matter?

Tracking cookies can build a profile of your interests, habits, searches, purchases, and browsing patterns. That is why ads sometimes seem to “follow” you after you view a product or visit a certain website. The FTC says third-party tracking lets advertisers show targeted ads based on your interests and online activity.

Privacy concerns are widespread. According to Pew Research Center’s 2023 data privacy report, 67% of U.S. adults say they understand little to nothing about what companies are doing with their personal data.

Are cookies dangerous?

Cookies are not malware. They cannot install software, run code, or directly steal files from your device. The privacy concern comes from how cookies are used, especially when third parties use them to connect your activity across multiple websites. MDN notes that third-party cookies are also called cross-site cookies because the behavior involves activity across different sites.

How can you manage cookies safely?

You do not need to block every cookie to improve privacy. Instead, focus on limiting unnecessary tracking.

Try these steps:

• Block third-party cookies in your browser settings.
• Clear cookies and browsing history regularly.
• Use private browsing for temporary sessions.
• Review site permissions.
• Avoid clicking “accept all” without checking options.
• Use browsers with stronger tracking protection.
• Reset mobile advertising IDs when available.

The FTC recommends deleting cookies and clearing browsing history if you do not want ads based on previous online activity.

Browser cookies can make websites work better. Tracking cookies can make your browsing behavior easier to follow across the internet. The smart move is not to panic about all cookies, but to understand which ones improve convenience and which ones reduce privacy. Adjust your browser settings, block third-party tracking when possible, and take control of what websites remember about you.

Streaming accounts may seem low-risk, but hackers love them. Netflix, Hulu, Disney+, Max, Prime Video, and music streaming accounts often store payment details, personal profiles, viewing history, and reused passwords that can unlock much more valuable accounts.

Why do hackers target streaming accounts?

Streaming accounts are easy to resell, share, or use as a steppingstone to other accounts. If you reuse the same password for your streaming app and email, shopping, banking, or social media accounts, one stolen login can create a much bigger problem. OWASP defines credential stuffing as attackers using stolen username and password pairs from one breach to automatically try logging into other websites.

The threat is large. Kasada’s 2025 Account Takeover Attack Trends Report found that attackers compromised 6.2 million customer accounts across targeted brands, with entertainment among the heavily targeted sectors.

How does streaming password theft happen?

Most streaming account hacks happen through common tactics like:

• Credential stuffing: Hackers test leaked passwords from old breaches on streaming sites.
• Phishing emails or texts: Fake “payment failed” or “account suspended” messages trick users into entering login details. Netflix says it will never ask for your password, bank account, or card number by email or text.
• Malware: Infostealer malware can grab saved browser passwords from infected devices. Netflix recommends keeping computers free of malware and using trusted anti-malware software if you notice suspicious device behavior.
• Shared passwords: The more widely a password is shared, the harder it is to control where it ends up.

What are signs your streaming account was hacked?

Watch for these red flags:

• New profiles you did not create
• Shows or movies in your watch history that you did not view
• Password reset emails you did not request
• Unknown devices signed into your account
• Plan, email, or payment changes you did not make
• Being locked out of your account

Netflix recommends checking recent account access and signing out unused or unrecognized devices.

How can you protect streaming accounts from password theft?

Start with these simple steps:

• Use a unique password for every streaming account. Netflix specifically recommends using a password for Netflix that you do not use anywhere else.
• Use a password manager. It can create and remember strong passwords so you do not reuse them.
• Turn on two-factor authentication where available. The FTC says two-factor authentication adds a second login requirement and helps protect accounts even if passwords are stolen.
• Do not click links in urgent streaming emails or texts. Go directly to the official app or website instead. Netflix advises users not to click suspicious links and to forward suspicious messages to [email protected].
• Sign out of unknown devices. Remove any device you do not recognize from your account.

What should you do if your streaming account is compromised?

If you suspect password theft:

1. Change the streaming password immediately.
2. Sign out of all devices.
3. Change any other accounts using the same password.
4. Check payment activity.
5. Run a malware scan.
6. Report phishing messages to the streaming provider.

Your streaming password is worth protecting. Use unique passwords, watch for phishing, remove unknown devices, and secure your email account too. A few minutes of cleanup can stop one stolen streaming login from becoming a full digital identity problem.

Your airline miles, hotel points, grocery rewards, coffee stars, and credit card points may not feel like “real money,” but hackers see them differently. Loyalty rewards accounts are valuable because points can often be redeemed for gift cards, travel, merchandise, upgrades, or transferred to other accounts. That makes them a tempting target for cybercriminals.

Why do hackers target loyalty rewards accounts?

Loyalty accounts are often easier to break into than bank accounts. Many people reuse passwords, ignore old rewards accounts, and rarely check point balances. That gives attackers more time to take over an account and spend the rewards before the owner notices.

Cybercriminals commonly target:

• Airline miles accounts
• Hotel rewards programs
• Credit card rewards portals
• Retail loyalty accounts
• Restaurant and coffee rewards apps
• Grocery store rewards programs

If points can be converted into something valuable, attackers can try to steal them.

How big is loyalty rewards fraud?

Loyalty fraud is a growing problem. According to DataDome’s loyalty fraud guide, loyalty fraud now accounts for 31% of all fraud attempts against online merchants, and millions of dollars in loyalty points sit vulnerable in inactive accounts.

That matters because many consumers do not monitor rewards accounts the same way they monitor checking accounts or credit cards.

How do hackers break into rewards accounts?

The most common method is account takeover. Attackers use stolen usernames and passwords from past data breaches and test those credentials across many websites. This is called credential stuffing. Verizon reported that compromised credentials were an initial access vector in 22% of breaches reviewed in its 2025 DBIR research, and credential stuffing can affect customers who reuse passwords across services.

Hackers may also use:

• Phishing emails pretending to be rewards alerts
• Fake “points expiring” messages
• Malware that steals saved passwords
• Social engineering through customer support
• Bots that test leaked credentials at scale

What are warning signs your loyalty account was hacked?

Watch for:

• Missing points or miles
• Password reset emails you did not request
• New devices or locations in login history
• Changed email address or phone number
• Redemptions you do not recognize
• Unexpected account lockouts

If something looks wrong, act quickly.

How can you protect your rewards accounts?

Use these simple cybersecurity habits:

• Create a unique password for every rewards account.
• Use a password manager to store strong passwords.
• Enable two-factor authentication when available.
• Check loyalty point balances regularly.
• Do not click links in unexpected rewards emails.
• Log in directly through the official app or website.
• Remove unused saved payment methods.
• Close rewards accounts you no longer use.

What should you do if your points are stolen?

Take these steps immediately:

1. Change the account password.
2. Enable two-factor authentication.
3. Contact the loyalty program’s support team.
4. Review recent redemptions and profile changes.
5. Change reused passwords on other sites.
6. Monitor email and financial accounts for suspicious activity.

Your loyalty rewards account may not look like a bank account, but hackers know those points have real value. Treat rewards accounts like financial accounts: protect them with unique passwords, monitor them regularly, and never trust urgent messages asking you to click a link to “save” your points.

AI has changed the scam game. Social engineering attacks used to be easier to spot because many scams had awkward wording, strange grammar, or obvious red flags. Now, criminals can use AI to write convincing messages, clone voices, create fake videos, and personalize scams at scale.

What is AI-enhanced social engineering?

AI-enhanced social engineering is when scammers use artificial intelligence to manipulate people into sharing money, passwords, verification codes, or personal information.

These attacks may show up as:

• Phishing emails that sound professional
• Text messages that look personal
• Voice calls that sound like someone you know
• Fake video messages from “executives” or “family members”
• Chatbot-style scams that keep a conversation going
• Fake job, bank, delivery, or tech support messages

The FBI has warned that cybercriminals are using AI to create highly targeted phishing campaigns and realistic voice or video messages that impersonate trusted people.

Why are AI scams harder to detect?

Traditional scam advice often focused on spotting typos, poor grammar, and strange formatting. AI removes many of those clues.

Today’s AI-powered scams can:

• Use perfect grammar
• Copy a familiar tone
• Reference real names or events
• Create urgency without sounding suspicious
• Imitate voices from short audio clips
• Generate realistic fake images or videos

That means your best defense is no longer just “look for mistakes.” It is verify before you trust.

How big is the AI scam problem?

The threat is growing quickly. According to the FBI’s 2025 Internet Crime Report, IC3 received 22,364 AI-related complaints in 2025, costing Americans nearly $893 million.

The FBI also noted that scammers use pressure tactics along with fake social profiles, voice clones, identification documents, and believable videos to defraud victims.

What are common AI social engineering scams?

AI voice cloning scams

A scammer may call pretending to be a family member in trouble, a boss asking for money, or a bank representative requesting account access. The FTC warns that voice cloning can make scam calls more believable, especially when the caller pressures you to send money immediately.

AI phishing emails

Scammers can generate polished emails that appear to come from your bank, employer, school, or a company you use. These messages often push you to click a link, open an attachment, or enter credentials.

Deepfake video scams

Deepfake videos can impersonate leaders, financial officers, or trusted contacts. CISA, the FBI, and NSA have warned that synthetic media can be used to impersonate leaders, enable fraud, and gain access to sensitive information.

How can you protect yourself?

Use these simple habits:

• Pause before responding to urgent requests
• Verify requests through a second channel
• Call people back using a number you already trust
• Never share one-time passcodes
• Use a family safe word for emergency requests
• Enable multi-factor authentication
• Be skeptical of payment requests by gift card, crypto, or wire transfer
• Report suspicious messages to the FTC or FBI

AI makes scams sound more human, but you can still beat them by slowing down. If a message, call, or video asks for money, passwords, or urgent action, verify it independently before responding. In the AI era, trust should always come with a second check.

AI productivity tools are everywhere right now. People use them to summarize meetings, write emails, generate images, organize notes, code faster, and automate everyday work. That popularity is exactly why cybercriminals are rushing to copy them.

Fake AI tools look helpful, but many are really malware traps designed to steal passwords, spy on activity, or install additional malicious software.

Why are fake AI tools a growing cybersecurity risk?

Cybercriminals follow attention. When millions of people search for new AI tools, browser add-ons, writing assistants, image generators, and “free premium” productivity apps, scammers see an opportunity. They build fake websites, cloned installers, and lookalike downloads that imitate trusted AI brands.

The risk is especially high because AI tools often feel new, exciting, and urgent. People may install them quickly without checking the developer, permissions, reviews, or download source. That creates the perfect opening for malware.

How big is the fake AI tool malware problem?

The scale is growing fast. Kaspersky reported that from January to April 2026, its security tools detected more than 33,300 attacks on small and medium-sized businesses where malicious or unwanted software was disguised as popular AI services, almost five times more than the same period in 2025.

Those fake AI lures included tools posing as ChatGPT, Claude, DeepSeek, and other popular services, showing that attackers are directly exploiting demand for AI-powered productivity.

What can fake AI productivity tools do to your device?

Malicious AI apps may look like normal software, but once installed, they can perform dangerous actions such as:

• Stealing saved browser passwords
• Capturing login credentials
• Installing spyware or banking Trojans
• Downloading more malware
• Accessing files and screenshots
• Monitoring clipboard activity
• Creating long-term remote access
• Slowing your device with hidden processes

Why do fake AI tools look so convincing?

Many fake AI tools use realistic branding, search ads, polished landing pages, and professional-looking installers. Some impersonate legitimate platforms, while others advertise features like “free AI assistant,” “unlimited chatbot,” “premium AI writer,” or “AI productivity suite.”

Attackers know that users want fast access to new tools, especially if there is a waitlist, subscription fee, or limited beta. That “free shortcut” is often the bait.

How can you safely download AI productivity tools?

Before installing any AI tool, use this checklist:

• Download only from the official website or trusted app store.
• Avoid “free premium” versions from forums or file-sharing sites.
• Check the developer name carefully.
• Read recent reviews and security complaints.
• Be skeptical of tools that ask for broad device or browser permissions.
• Use anti-malware protection before opening installers.
• Keep your operating system and browser updated.

What should you do if you installed a suspicious AI tool?

If something feels off, act quickly:

1. Disconnect from the internet if you suspect active malware.
2. Uninstall the suspicious app.
3. Run a full anti-malware scan.
4. Change passwords from a clean device.
5. Enable multi-factor authentication.
6. Monitor financial and email accounts for unusual activity.

AI productivity tools can be incredibly useful, but fake versions are becoming a serious malware hotspot. Treat every new AI download like any other software: verify the source, question the permissions, and avoid anything that sounds too good to be true. A little caution before installation can protect your device, passwords, and personal data.

AI browser extensions can feel like magic. They summarize articles, rewrite emails, compare prices, transcribe meetings, and bring chatbot help directly into your browser. But that convenience comes with a privacy tradeoff: some extensions may need access to the very pages, text, and data you are trying to protect.

Why are AI browser extensions risky?

Browser extensions often work by reading or interacting with websites you visit. Google explains that Chrome extensions may request permissions to access your data, and users should only approve extensions they trust.

That becomes more sensitive with AI tools because users often paste personal, financial, work, medical, or login-related information into browser pages. If an extension can read page content or inject scripts, it may be able to see more than you realize.

What data can an AI extension collect?

Depending on its permissions, an AI-powered extension may be able to access:

• Browsing activity
• Website content
• Text you type into web pages
• Email or document content
• Search queries
• Location data
• Personal communications
• Account or authentication details

Microsoft warned in 2026 that malicious AI assistant browser extensions impersonated legitimate AI tools and harvested LLM chat histories and browsing data, including full URLs and AI chat content from platforms such as ChatGPT and DeepSeek.

How big is the privacy risk?

The risk is not theoretical. Microsoft reported that malicious AI-themed Chromium extensions reached approximately 900,000 installs, with activity seen across more than 20,000 enterprise tenants. Read Microsoft’s analysis of malicious AI assistant extensions here: Microsoft Security Blog

Google also notes that extensions can introduce risk, even though Chrome reviews extensions before publication and monitors them after release. Google said that in 2024, less than 1% of installs from the Chrome Web Store were found to include malware, but some bad extensions can still get through.

What permissions should make you pause?

Before installing an AI extension, look closely at permission requests. Be cautious if an extension asks to:

• Read and change data on all websites
• Access browsing history
• Run on every page you visit
• Read clipboard content
• Inject scripts into websites
• Access emails, documents, or financial pages

OWASP warns that browser extensions with excessive permissions may access tabs, browsing history, and sensitive user data, creating serious privacy risks if compromised.

How can you use AI extensions more safely?

Use this checklist before clicking Add to Chrome:

• Install extensions only from trusted developers.
• Read recent reviews, not just total ratings.
• Check the privacy policy and data collection disclosures.
• Avoid extensions that request more access than they need.
• Limit site access to specific websites when possible.
• Remove AI extensions you no longer use.
• Run Chrome Safety Check regularly.

Google says Chrome’s extensions page and Safety Check can warn users about extensions suspected of malware, extensions removed from the store, and extensions with unclear privacy practices.

AI-powered browser extensions can be useful, but they also sit in one of the most sensitive places in your digital life: your browser. Treat every extension like a mini app with potential access to your personal information. If the permissions feel too broad, skip it. Convenience is not worth exposing your private data.

Anti-malware protection is one of the simplest ways to protect your digital life. Whether you use a laptop, phone, tablet, or desktop, malware can steal passwords, spy on activity, lock files, slow your device, or open the door to even more attacks. The FTC defines malware as harmful software installed without your knowledge, including viruses, spyware, and ransomware.

What is anti-malware protection?

Anti-malware protection is security software that detects, blocks, and removes malicious software before it can harm your device. It helps protect against threats like:

• Viruses
• Spyware
• Ransomware
• Trojans
• Keyloggers
• Malicious downloads
• Fake software updates

The FTC recommends using security software, keeping it updated, and setting it to automatically scan new files on your device.

Why do you need malware protection?

Cybercriminals use malware to steal personal information, including usernames, passwords, bank account numbers, and Social Security numbers. Malware can also serve unwanted ads, demand payment to unlock encrypted files, or make your device vulnerable to additional infections.

The risk is real. According to the FBI’s 2024 Internet Crime Report, consumers and businesses filed 859,532 suspected internet crime complaints in 2024, with reported losses exceeding $16 billion.

That statistic is a reminder that cybersecurity is not just for businesses. Your personal devices are targets too.

How does malware get on your device?

Most infections start with a simple click or download. Common sources include:

• Phishing emails with malicious links or attachments
• Fake security alerts
• Free downloads from unfamiliar websites
• Peer-to-peer file-sharing sites
• Malicious ads
• Infected USB drives
• Fake software updates

The FTC specifically warns against downloading free music, movies, shows, or games from unfamiliar websites because free downloads can hide malware.

What should good anti-malware software include?

Look for protection that offers:

• Real-time threat detection
• Automatic updates
• Ransomware protection
• Web protection against dangerous links
• Email attachment scanning
• USB and external drive scanning
• Scheduled full-system scans

Anti-malware software is only effective when it stays current. New threats appear constantly, so automatic updates are essential.

What are warning signs of malware?

Even strong protection is not perfect. Watch for:

• Sudden slow performance
• Frequent crashes
• Random pop-ups
• Unknown apps or toolbars
• Browser redirects
• Battery drain
• Accounts showing suspicious activity

If you suspect malware, stop using the device for banking, shopping, or anything involving passwords until you run a scan and address the issue.

Anti-malware best practices

To stay safer:

• Keep your operating system updated
• Use reputable anti-malware software
• Avoid suspicious downloads
• Do not click unexpected email links
• Use strong, unique passwords
• Enable multi-factor authentication
• Back up important files regularly

Anti-malware protection is not optional anymore. It is a basic layer of defense that helps protect your devices, accounts, money, and personal information. Pair it with smart browsing habits and regular updates, and you will dramatically reduce your risk.

If you use a Windows PC every day, one of the easiest cybersecurity habits you can build is checking Task Manager from time to time. Task Manager is more than a tool for closing frozen apps. Microsoft says it also works as a system monitor and startup manager, helping you see what is running, how much CPU, memory, disk, and network activity those programs are using, and which apps launch automatically when you sign in.

That makes it a useful place to catch unusual activity before it becomes a bigger problem.

Why does checking Task Manager matter?

Malware often tries to hide in the background. The FTC says malicious software can install itself without your knowledge, steal personal information, slow your device down, trigger pop-ups, or make your computer behave in unexpected ways. The FTC also lists unusual slowdowns, crashes, error messages, random pop-ups, and programs you did not intend to use as possible warning signs of infection.

Task Manager will not magically identify every threat, but it can help you notice when something is off — especially if a process is consuming a lot of resources or you spot an unfamiliar app running in the background. Microsoft says Task Manager is designed to give you visibility into running applications and resource use so you can better manage performance and system activity.

How do you open Task Manager?

On Windows, the fastest way is usually Ctrl + Shift + Esc. You can also right-click Start and choose Task Manager. Microsoft documents both methods in its system tools guidance.

If you prefer the older method, Ctrl + Alt + Delete also works — then select Task Manager from the menu. That extra step is fine if it is the shortcut you already use.

What should you look for in Task Manager?

Start with the Processes tab and scan for anything that looks strange:

• Programs you do not recognize running in the foreground or background.
• Apps using an unusual amount of CPU, memory, or disk for no obvious reason.
• Startup apps you do not remember approving. Microsoft says Task Manager also shows startup impact, which helps you spot apps slowing down your PC at launch.

This matters because the broader cyber threat is not small. According to the FBI’s 2024 Internet Crime Report, Americans filed 859,532 internet crime complaints in 2024, with reported losses exceeding $16 billion. That is a reminder that staying alert for suspicious activity on your device is still worth the effort.

Should you uninstall every program you do not recognize?

No — and this is important. Not every unfamiliar process is malicious. Windows, device drivers, and legitimate software often run background services with names that are not obvious. Instead of deleting first, do this:

• Search the process name online using trusted sources.
• Check whether the program came from software you intentionally installed.
• Run a scan with reputable security software if something feels suspicious. The FTC recommends keeping security software updated and using it to scan for malware.

If a program is clearly unnecessary or unwanted, remove it through Windows settings or the app’s uninstall option rather than randomly deleting files.

Best practice checklist

Use this quick routine:

• Open Task Manager weekly or whenever your PC feels “off.”
• Review Processes for unfamiliar or resource-heavy apps.
• Check Startup apps and disable anything unnecessary.
• Keep antivirus, browser, and Windows updates turned on.
• Research first, uninstall second.

Checking Task Manager regularly is a low-effort, high-value security habit. It gives you a quick view of what your PC is doing behind the scenes, helps you spot suspicious activity faster, and can even improve performance by catching unnecessary startup apps. Think of it as a simple digital health check for your Windows device.

A random caller says your computer has a virus. A pop-up says your device is infected and tells you to call a support number. A “technician” offers to fix everything if you just grant remote access and pay a fee. That is the classic tech support scam — and it is still catching people off guard. The FTC says tech support scammers use fear, fake warnings, and impersonation to trick people into handing over money, personal information, or remote access to their devices.

Why are unsolicited tech support calls dangerous?

Legitimate tech companies do not cold-call you to say there is a problem with your device. The FBI says real companies will never call out of the blue and offer tech support, and Microsoft says it will never proactively contact you with unsolicited PC or technical support.

That matters because once a scammer gets you on the phone, the playbook is predictable. The FTC says scammers often ask for remote access, pretend to scan your system, claim they found malware, and then demand payment through hard-to-recover methods like gift cards, wire transfers, bank transfers, cryptocurrency, or payment apps.

How common are tech support impersonation scams?

These scams are still widespread. According to the FTC, consumers submitted about 52,000 reports in 2023 about scammers impersonating Best Buy or its Geek Squad tech support brand, making it the most frequently impersonated company in that FTC data set. You can read the FTC’s official release here. [ftc.gov]

That is a good reminder that familiar brand names do not make a call or message trustworthy. Scammers count on recognition to lower your guard. [ftc.gov], [consumer.ftc.gov]

What are the biggest red flags?

If you get an unexpected tech support call, watch for these warning signs:

• The caller says your computer is infected before you reported any problem.
• The caller wants remote access to your device.
• The caller pressures you to act immediately or pay right away.
• The caller asks for payment by gift card, wire transfer, cryptocurrency, or cash.
• A pop-up or warning message tells you to call a phone number. The FTC says real security pop-up warnings from legitimate tech companies will never ask you to call a number, and Microsoft says genuine Microsoft error messages never include a phone number.

What should you do instead?

If you get one of these calls, do not engage. Hang up. The FBI says if you get a surprise tech support call, the safest move is to end it immediately.

Then take these safer steps:

• Check for alerts directly in your operating system or antivirus software instead of trusting the caller. The FTC recommends updating your security software and running a scan if you are worried about a real issue.
• Go to the company’s official website if you truly need support, and use contact information you know is real
• Never allow remote access to someone who contacted you first.

What if you already gave access or paid?

Act quickly:

• Disconnect the device from the internet if someone still has access.
• Run up-to-date antivirus or anti-malware software.
• Change passwords, especially if the scammer accessed your device or browser.
• Contact your bank or card issuer immediately if you paid.
• Report the scam to the FTC at ReportFraud.ftc.gov or to the FBI via IC3.

If someone calls out of nowhere claiming to be tech support, assume it is a scam until proven otherwise. Real operating system and antivirus alerts do not work like that. Slow down, hang up, run your own scan, and only use official support channels you find yourself. That one habit can protect your money, your device, and your identity.

Chrome extensions can be incredibly useful, but they also sit inside the same browser you use for email, banking, shopping, work, and passwords, which means a bad extension can have a lot more power than most people realize. Google says extensions may request access to your data, and OWASP warns that browser extensions can create serious privacy risks when they ask for more permissions than they actually need.

Why can Chrome extensions be risky?

A Chrome extension is not just a simple add-on. Depending on the permissions you approve, it may be able to read and change content on websites, access tabs, monitor browsing activity, or interact with downloads and clipboard data. Google’s Chrome Web Store help pages explain that permission warnings appear because extensions may be requesting access to your information, while OWASP notes that overbroad permissions can expose sensitive user data if an extension is compromised or misused.

That is why small, obscure, or poorly maintained extensions deserve extra scrutiny. Even if an extension looks harmless, broad permissions can give it the ability to collect much more data than most users expect. Google’s security team says Chrome now flags extensions that may pose a risk, including those suspected of malware, those removed from the store, and those that have not published clear privacy practices.

How common is the problem?

There is some good news and some bad news. Google says that in 2024, less than 1% of all installs from the Chrome Web Store were found to include malware, which shows the store’s review system removes a lot of threats before they spread. You can see that in Google’s own

But “less than 1%” does not mean zero. Google also says some bad extensions still get through, which is why Chrome continues monitoring extensions after publication and uses Safety Check to warn users about risky ones already installed.

What should you check before installing a Chrome extension?

Review the permissions carefully

Google says a permission warning does not automatically mean an extension is dangerous, but it does mean the extension may be able to access your information if you approve it. That is why the smartest question is not “Does it work?” but “Does it really need this level of access?”

Look extra closely at permissions that allow an extension to:

• Read and change data on all websites.
• Access browsing activity, tabs, downloads, or clipboard data.
• Stay active across every site you visit instead of only on specific pages.

Check recent reviews and support details

Reviews can be useful, but they should not be your only filter. Malware researchers have documented cases where malicious extensions gained lots of users, good ratings, or even featured placement before later becoming harmful through updates or compromise. That means recent reviews, update history, publisher information, and privacy disclosures all matter.

Limit site access after installation

Google says you can change extension access so it runs only when you click it, only on specific sites, or on all sites. Choosing the narrowest access that still lets the extension work is one of the easiest ways to reduce risk.

Best practices for safer Chrome extensions

Use this quick checklist before you click Add to Chrome:

• Install only extensions you trust and understand.
• Read the permission prompt instead of skipping past it.
• Prefer extensions with a clear privacy disclosure and active support.
• Remove extensions you no longer use.
• Run Chrome Safety Check regularly to catch risky or outdated add-ons.

Chrome extensions can absolutely make browsing better, but they can also become a quiet privacy and security problem if you install them casually. Be selective, review permissions, check recent reviews and privacy details, and keep your extension list small. A little skepticism before install can save you from a lot of cleanup later.

That “free” game link in a forum thread, Discord post, or torrent comment might look like a bargain, but it can easily turn into a security problem. Cybercriminals routinely hide malware inside cracked games, repacks, fake mods, and unofficial installers, then rely on curiosity and urgency to get people to run the files. Kaspersky reported a 2025 campaign in which attackers distributed the XMRig cryptominer through game torrents, using trojanized repacks of popular titles to infect victims’ computers, while the FTC warns that criminals use desirable downloads and compelling stories to lure people into installing malware.

Why are “free” games from forums risky?

Unofficial game downloads are risky because you are not just trusting the file — you are trusting the uploader, the forum, the file host, the installer, and every redirect in between. The FTC says criminals create appealing websites and desirable downloads to trick people into installing malware, and attackers uploaded infected game repacks specifically to bypass authenticity checks and spread miners. That malware may not just slow your system down. Microsoft says modern malware can steal browser credentials, collect system information, and target cryptocurrency wallet data, which shows how much damage a single malicious file can do once it is running on your computer.

What kind of malware hides inside pirated or unofficial games?

The short answer: more than you think. In a 2025 industry report, attackers used cracked game torrents to deploy a modified XMRig crypto miner, showing that “free” games can quietly turn your PC into a money-making machine for someone else. [

The FTC also warns that malware can monitor activity, steal personal information, send spam, and commit fraud, which is why suspicious downloads are not just a performance issue — they can become an identity and account security issue too.

How common is the broader cyber threat?

According to the FBI’s official 2024 Internet Crime Report, 263,455 cyber-threat complaints were reported in 2024, with losses exceeding $1.571 billion. While that number covers more than game-related malware, it is a strong reminder that malicious software remains a major consumer threat.

How can you tell a free game file might be dangerous?

Watch for these red flags:

• The game is being offered through a forum post, torrent, or random file host instead of an official store.
• The file is described as a crack, repack, mod, or “no-license-needed” version.
• The installer asks you to disable antivirus or ignore security warnings. The FTC warns that scammers often disguise malware as security-related software or legitimate downloads.
• The offer feels too good to be true. In cybersecurity, that instinct is often right.

What should you do instead?

Use safer habits:

• Download games only from official storefronts or known publishers. [consumer.ftc.gov], [kaspersky.com]
• Keep security software and your operating system updated. The FTC says protection works best when it is current. [consumer.ftc.gov], [govinfo.gov]
• Avoid cracks, torrents, and “free full version” links from forums or chat groups. [kaspersky.com]
• Use strong passwords and enable multi-factor authentication so a malware infection does less damage if credentials are exposed. [microsoft.com], [consumer.ftc.gov]

If someone on a forum is offering a paid game for free, assume the real product might be you. A fake game installer can cost you passwords, personal data, device performance, and even money. Stick to trusted download sources, keep your protections updated, and remember free is not always free.

Starting student loan repayment can feel stressful, especially when you’re asked to enter highly sensitive information like your Social Security number, date of birth, home address, bank details, and sometimes parent information. The safest move is simple: make sure you’re dealing with your actual loan servicer or the official federal student aid website before you enter anything. Federal Student Aid says you can find your assigned federal loan servicer by logging in to your account and checking the “My Loan Servicers” section on your dashboard, or by calling the Federal Student Aid Information Center directly.

Why does it matter which student loan provider you use?

Student loan accounts hold the kind of data scammers love. That includes your Social Security number, financial details, and login credentials. The U.S. Department of Education’s Office of Inspector General warns that fraudsters target borrowers by pretending to offer loan help, forgiveness, or repayment assistance in order to steal money, personal information, or both.

This is not a minor problem. In one case highlighted by the FTC, a student loan debt relief operation allegedly tricked borrowers into paying more than $16.7 million in illegal upfront fees, even though real federal student loan help is available for free through official channels

How do you find your real student loan servicer?

If you have federal student loans, start at StudentAid.gov—not from a random email, text, or search ad. Federal Student Aid says your dashboard will show the company assigned to handle billing and repayment for your loans, along with contact information. If you can’t log in, you can call the Federal Student Aid Information Center at 1-800-433-3243 for help.

If you have private student loans, go directly to the lender or servicer listed on your statements or credit report. The CFPB says borrowers should understand who services their loans and how repayment works before sending payments or sharing account information.

What are the signs a student loan website might be fake?

Watch for these red flags:

• The site is not on a verified government or known servicer domain. Federal Student Aid reminds borrowers that official federal student aid sites use .gov.
• Someone asks for an upfront fee to help manage, consolidate, or forgive your federal student loans. Federal Student Aid says your servicer helps you for free.
• A caller or website pressures you to act immediately or says you’ll lose eligibility if you wait. The FTC says urgency is a common student loan scam tactic.
• You are asked to share your FSA ID. Federal Student Aid and the Department of Education’s OIG both warn you should never share your FSA ID with anyone.

How can you verify a student loan payment site before entering information?

Use this quick checklist:

• Type StudentAid.gov into your browser yourself instead of clicking a link in an email or text.
• Confirm the web address starts with https and belongs to your known servicer or the government.
• Check your servicer’s name on your Federal Student Aid dashboard before creating an account anywhere else.
• If something feels off, stop and call the official number listed on your dashboard or on StudentAid.gov.

What should you do after you find the right provider?

Once you’ve confirmed the correct servicer:

• Create your account only on the verified provider’s site.
• Turn on any available security features, including multi-factor authentication if offered.
• Save the official site as a bookmark so you do not rely on search results every time.
• Ignore paid “help” offers for services your servicer already provides for free

When you’re setting up student loan payments, the biggest cybersecurity win is making sure you’re on the right site before you type a single piece of personal information. Start with StudentAid.gov, verify your servicer, avoid anyone asking for fees or your FSA ID, and only use official contact information. That extra minute of verification can help protect both your money and your identity.

Built-in laptop webcams are convenient, but convenience is not always the same as control. If camera privacy is a concern, using an external webcam can be a smart move because you can physically unplug it when you are done. That makes it much easier to know the camera is truly unavailable, instead of just hoping an app or operating system setting has turned it off correctly. Microsoft notes that camera access on Windows depends on privacy settings and app permissions, and CISA warns that apps with unnecessary permissions can record or livestream audio and video if you allow them.

Why can a built-in webcam be a privacy concern?

Any webcam connected to your device is part of your digital attack surface. If a malicious app, browser tab, or remote-access tool gains access, the camera may become a privacy risk. CISA says some apps can record and livestream audio and video when granted the right permissions, and Microsoft explains that Windows lets users decide which apps can access the camera because that access matters for privacy and security.

This is one reason camera settings should never be “set and forget.” It is worth reviewing which apps can use your camera and turning access off for anything that does not need it. Microsoft provides device-level and app-level controls for camera permissions, while CISA recommends removing apps you no longer use and denying access to functions you do not want an app to have.

Why is an external webcam a practical security upgrade?

The biggest advantage is physical control. When you unplug an external webcam, it is disconnected from the computer. That gives you a simple, low-tech privacy control that software cannot override while the device is unplugged. Even if you trust your laptop’s privacy settings, external hardware adds a second layer of certainty. Microsoft’s support guidance focuses on software permissions, which is useful, but a disconnected device removes the question entirely because there is no connected camera for an app to use.

That kind of simple control matters in today’s threat environment. According to the FBI’s 2024 Internet Crime Report, Americans filed 859,532 internet crime complaints in 2024, with reported losses exceeding $16 billion. That statistic is not webcam-specific, but it is a good reminder that reducing unnecessary exposure is still one of the smartest cybersecurity habits consumers can adopt.

Does an external webcam solve everything?

Not completely. Camera privacy is bigger than hardware alone. CISA says app permissions still matter, and Microsoft notes that desktop apps and browsers may need separate permission checks. That means you should still review camera access settings, keep software updated, and remove apps you do not trust.

An external webcam helps most when you pair it with good cyber hygiene.

How can you secure any webcam better?

Use this quick checklist:

• Review camera permissions regularly and block apps that do not need access.
• Remove apps you no longer use from your device. [
• Keep your operating system and apps updated to reduce security gaps.
• Unplug an external webcam when you are not using it.
• If you rely on a built-in webcam, use your system’s privacy controls to limit access.

The bottom line

If you want a simple privacy win, an external webcam is worth considering. It gives you something built-in cameras cannot: the ability to physically disconnect the camera when you are finished. That does not replace software security, but it does give you more control over one of the most sensitive sensors on your device. Pair that with smart permission settings and regular app cleanup, and you have a much stronger camera privacy setup.

Staying signed in is convenient, but convenience is not always the same as security. Logging out of websites and apps when you are done using them is a simple habit that can reduce the risk of account misuse—especially on shared devices, public computers, or public Wi‑Fi. The FTC specifically advises people not to stay permanently signed in to accounts and says that when you are finished using a site, you should log out.

This matters because active sessions are valuable to attackers. NIST explains that the ability to hijack a session is as damaging as an authentication failure, which is why session management and reauthentication matter so much in modern identity security.

What happens when you stay logged in?

When you log in to a website or app, the service usually creates a session token or cookie so you do not have to enter your password on every page. OWASP notes that once an authenticated session is established, the session ID effectively becomes temporary proof that you are the legitimate user. If that token is stolen or reused, an attacker may be able to impersonate you

That does not mean every saved login is automatically dangerous on a personal device. But it does mean longer-lived sessions create a bigger window for misuse if your device is lost, shared, infected with malware, or used on an insecure network. NIST says shorter and well-managed sessions reduce the risk that a device leaves your control and falls into an attacker’s hands.

Why is logging out a smart cybersecurity habit?

Logging out helps in a few practical ways:

• It ends the active session instead of leaving it available for someone else to reuse.
• It is especially important on public or shared devices, where the next user could access your account if you forget to sign out.
• It reduces the risk tied to unsecured networks, where the FTC warns strangers may hijack your account if you use an unencrypted site on unsafe public Wi‑Fi.

How big is the online crime problem?

The bigger picture is worth remembering. According to the FBI’s official 2024 Internet Crime Report, Americans filed 859,532 internet crime complaints in 2024, with reported losses exceeding $16 billion. Logging out is not a cure-all, but it is one of the small behaviors that can reduce unnecessary exposure in a very active threat environment.

When should you log out right away?

Make it automatic to sign out when you are using:

• A hotel business center, library, or airport computer.
• A work-shared kiosk or borrowed device.
• Public Wi‑Fi for anything sensitive.
• Financial, email, shopping, healthcare, or social media accounts.

How do password managers make this easier?

One reason people stay signed in is simple: remembering passwords is annoying. The FTC recommends using strong passwords and notes that password managers can generate and store them for you. That means you can safely log out without worrying that sign-in later will become a hassle.

Best practices for safer sessions

Use this quick checklist:

• Log out when you finish using important accounts.
• Turn on two-factor authentication for sensitive accounts.
• Use a password manager so re-login is fast and secure.
• Avoid accessing sensitive accounts on public Wi‑Fi when possible.
• Keep your browser, apps, and operating system updated.

The bottom line

Logging out is not old-fashioned—it is smart digital hygiene. It shortens the life of an active session, limits the chance that someone else can reuse your access, and is especially important when you are away from your own trusted device. Pair that habit with a password manager and two-factor authentication, and you get both convenience and stronger protection.

Using “Sign in with Google” is one of the easiest ways to create an account without filling out another long registration form or inventing yet another password. Google says this option lets people sign in to third-party apps and websites with the trusted security of a Google Account while reducing dependence on passwords.

That convenience can also be a real security benefit—if your Google account is well protected. Google explains that Sign in with Google reduces the number of apps where passwords need to be stored, securely transfers authentication information, and does not share your Google Account password with the app you are using.

Why can signing in with Google be safer than creating a new account?

Every time you create a brand-new account, you create another place where your information and password may be stored. Google says Sign in with Google can reduce password-related security risks by lowering the number of apps where passwords need to live.

That matters because password attacks still work. Microsoft says multifactor authentication can block more than 99.2% of account compromise attacks, which is a strong reminder that your Google account becomes much safer when you protect it with 2-Step Verification, passkeys, or other strong authentication tools.

What personal information does Sign in with Google share?

Google says the basic information shared at sign-in typically includes your:

• Name
• Email address
• Profile picture

Google also says you can review and manage what data you share with linked apps, and that Google does not use Sign in with Google activity for ads or other non-security purposes.

Why does this help reduce data exposure?

The fewer websites that store your password and personal details, the fewer places there are for criminals to target. Google explicitly says Sign in with Google helps protect against third-party data breaches by limiting how many places your information is stored online.

That does not mean every third-party app is automatically trustworthy. Google also notes that once you consent to share data with a linked app, that developer becomes responsible for how the data is handled, which is why privacy policies still matter.

When should you use Sign in with Google?

It makes the most sense when:

• The app or website is legitimate and well known.
• You want to avoid creating and storing another password.
• Your Google account is already protected with 2-Step Verification or a passkey.
• You want more centralized control over connected apps.

What are the risks to keep in mind?

Single sign-on creates convenience, but it also means your Google account becomes more important than ever. If that one account is weakly protected, multiple linked services could be at risk. Google’s own security guidance emphasizes using stronger authentication tools like passkeys and 2-Step Verification to secure access.

Best practices before you sign in with Google

Before using it widely, make sure you:

• Turn on 2-Step Verification.
• Consider adding a passkey for stronger phishing-resistant protection. [
• Review connected apps regularly in your Google account.
• Only use Sign in with Google on sites you trust.

The bottom line

Signing in with your Google account can absolutely be a smarter, more secure option than creating a new password for every website—especially when it reduces password reuse and limits how many places store your information. But the real security benefit depends on one thing: how well you protect your Google account itself.

If you no longer use Facebook, it may be smart to do more than ignore the app—it may be time to delete the account. An old social media profile can still hold years of personal information, old photos, contact details, login history, and connected settings, even if you have not posted in ages. Meta says Facebook account deletion and data-download controls now live in Accounts Center, which also manages security settings like password and two-factor authentication.

Why can an unused Facebook account become a security risk?

Dormant accounts are easy to forget, and forgotten accounts are harder to monitor. If you are not checking login alerts, recovery settings, or suspicious messages, you may not notice if someone tries to access the account. The FTC warns that hacked social media accounts can expose personal information and can be used to scam other people, spread malware, or support identity theft.

The broader threat environment is real. According to the FBI’s 2024 Internet Crime Report, Americans filed 859,532 internet crime complaints in 2024, with reported losses exceeding $16 billion. That does not mean every unused Facebook account will be attacked, but it is a good reminder that old digital accounts still sit inside an active cybercrime landscape.

What information can still be tied to an old Facebook account?

Even an abandoned account may still include:

• Photos and videos you uploaded over the years.
• Contact details, birthday, and profile information.
• Security settings, login activity, and recovery options.
• Connected Meta experiences through Accounts Center.

That is why “I never use it” is not the same thing as “it no longer matters.”

Should you delete Facebook or just deactivate it?

If you might come back, deactivation can be the lighter option. Meta says Accounts Center gives you the choice to delete or deactivate your account, so you do not have to make an all-or-nothing decision right away.

If you know you are done with Facebook, deletion is usually the cleaner privacy and security move because it removes the old profile from active use instead of leaving it sitting unattended. Before you do that, though, save anything you care about. Meta says you can download your information from Accounts Center before deleting the account.

What should you do before deleting your Facebook account?

Use this quick checklist:

• Download your photos, videos, and other account data first.
• Review your password, two-factor authentication, and login activity before making changes.
• Check recovery email addresses and phone numbers so nothing outdated is left behind.
• If you are not ready to delete, deactivate the account instead of leaving it ignored.

How do you delete it?

Meta says you can manage deletion through Accounts Center help, where Personal details includes the option to delete or deactivate your account, and Your information and permissions includes the option to download your data first.

If Facebook is no longer part of your life, leaving an old profile unattended is usually not the safest option. Deleting or deactivating it, backing up what matters, and reviewing your security settings is a simple way to reduce unnecessary digital exposure. It is a small cleanup task that can make your online life a little tighter and safer.

That “unsubscribe” link at the bottom of a shady email can look harmless, but in the wrong message, clicking it can make things worse instead of better. Cybersecurity experts generally recommend a simple rule: if the email looks suspicious, don’t click anything in it — including unsubscribe links. The safer move is usually to mark the message as spam or junk and delete it. FTC phishing guidance NIST phishing guidance [consumer.ftc.gov], [nist.gov]

Why is the unsubscribe button risky in spam email?

In a legitimate marketing email from a company you recognize, the unsubscribe link is usually there because U.S. law requires commercial senders to offer an opt-out method. The FTC’s CAN-SPAM guidance says compliant commercial email must include a clear way to stop future marketing messages.

But spam and phishing emails are different. Attackers can use fake unsubscribe links to:

• Confirm that your email address is active and monitored
• Redirect you to a phishing page or malware-laced website
• Trick you into entering your password or other personal information

That is why NIST specifically advises people not to click any link in a phishing email, including unsubscribe.

How common are phishing emails right now?

This is not a niche problem. According to the FBI’s 2024 Internet Crime Report, phishing/spoofing generated 193,407 complaints in 2024, making it one of the most reported cybercrime categories in the United States.

The FTC also says email was the top method scammers used to contact people in 2024, which is a good reminder that your inbox is one of the main places criminals try to trick you.

When is it okay to unsubscribe?

If the message is clearly from a business you know, expected, and trust — like a retailer you actually signed up with — unsubscribing can be reasonable. The FTC notes that legitimate commercial emails are supposed to include a working opt-out method.

A good test is this:

• You recognize the sender and expected the email.
• The email is not creating panic or urgency.
• You can verify the company independently through its real website.

If any of those are missing, treat the email as suspicious.

What should you do instead of clicking unsubscribe?

If the message looks spammy or suspicious, do this:

• Mark it as spam or junk so your email provider learns to filter similar messages.
• Do not click links or download attachments in unexpected emails.
• Report phishing emails to your provider or forward them to the Anti-Phishing Working Group if appropriate.
• Delete the message after reporting it.

How can you reduce spam and phishing risk long term?

A few smart habits go a long way:

• Use strong spam filters from major email providers.
• Turn on two-factor authentication for important accounts.
• Be skeptical of emails that ask you to act fast, log in, or “fix” an account problem
• Visit companies directly through your browser instead of email links.

The bottom line

The unsubscribe button is fine in a real marketing email from a trusted sender. But in spam or phishing email, it can be a trap. If the message feels off, don’t interact with it. Mark it as spam, report it, and move on. That one small habit can help protect your inbox, your passwords, and your identity.

Using your Google or Facebook account to sign in to websites and apps is incredibly convenient. Instead of creating a new username and password every time, you can simply click “Continue with Google” or “Continue with Facebook” and get instant access.

But there’s a catch.

When you use a Google or Facebook account as your primary login method, that single account becomes the key to dozens—or even hundreds—of other accounts. If a cybercriminal gains access to it, the damage can be significant.

That’s why enabling two-factor authentication (2FA) is one of the most important cybersecurity steps you can take.

Why is signing in with Google or Facebook so popular?

Single sign-on (SSO) services make online life easier by allowing you to:

• Skip lengthy registration forms
• Avoid creating new passwords
• Sign in faster across websites
• Reduce password fatigue
• Manage fewer login credentials

From shopping sites and streaming services to productivity tools and mobile apps, many platforms now support Google and Facebook login options.

While convenient, this approach also creates a single point of failure if your primary account is compromised.

What happens if your Google or Facebook account gets hacked?

If attackers gain access to your Google or Facebook account, they may also gain access to connected services.

Potential risks include:

• Account takeovers
• Identity theft
• Access to personal information
• Unauthorized purchases
• Social media abuse
• Email compromise
• Password reset abuse

Because many websites trust Google and Facebook identity verification systems, a compromised account can create a domino effect across multiple platforms.

What is two-factor authentication?

Two-factor authentication adds a second layer of security beyond your password.

After entering your password, you’ll be required to verify your identity using another factor, such as:

• An authentication app
• A security key
• A push notification
• A one-time code
• Biometric authentication

Even if a cybercriminal steals your password through phishing, malware, or a data breach, they still need the second factor to gain access.

Does two-factor authentication really work?

Yes.

According to Microsoft, more than 99.9% of compromised accounts do not have multi-factor authentication enabled, demonstrating the effectiveness of MFA in preventing account compromise. Microsoft’s security guidance also notes that MFA can block the vast majority of automated account attacks. Read more in Microsoft’s security documentation and blog guidance on MFA.

That makes 2FA one of the highest-impact security measures available to consumers.

How do you enable two-factor authentication on Google?

To enable 2FA for your Google Account:

1. Open your Google Account settings.
2. Select Security.
3. Navigate to 2-Step Verification.
4. Follow the setup instructions.
5. Choose your preferred authentication method.

Google supports:

• Authenticator apps
• Security keys
• Google prompts
• Backup codes

Authenticator apps and security keys generally provide stronger protection than SMS-based codes.

How do you enable two-factor authentication on Facebook?

For Facebook:

1. Open Settings & Privacy.
2. Select Accounts Center.
3. Choose Password and Security.
4. Select Two-Factor Authentication.
5. Complete the setup process.

Facebook supports multiple verification options, including authenticator apps and security keys.

Best practices for protecting single sign-on accounts

If you frequently use Google or Facebook login buttons:

✅ Enable two-factor authentication

✅ Use a strong unique password

✅ Watch for phishing emails and messages

✅ Regularly review connected apps

✅ Remove unused third-party access

✅ Keep account recovery information updated

✅ Monitor login activity

The bottom line

Signing in with Google or Facebook can make your online experience faster and more convenient. But because those accounts often unlock access to many other services, protecting them should be a top priority.

Enabling two-factor authentication takes only a few minutes and can help prevent account takeovers, identity theft, and unauthorized access across your digital life.

July 4th is a time for road trips, cookouts, fireworks, and quick online bookings—but it also creates the kind of rushed, distracted moments scammers love. Federal agencies warn that travel, public Wi‑Fi, fake invitations, and oversharing on social media can all raise your cybersecurity risk when you’re away from home.

The threat is not hypothetical. According to the FBI’s 2024 Internet Crime Report, Americans filed 859,532 internet crime complaints in 2024, with reported losses exceeding $16 billion. The FBI also said phishing/spoofing was one of the top cybercrime categories, which matters during a holiday weekend filled with texts, emails, bookings, and account logins.

Why does July 4th create extra cybersecurity risk?

Holiday weekends usually mean people are booking last-minute rentals, connecting to hotel or airport Wi‑Fi, and checking messages from airlines, friends, or event hosts while on the go. CISA says travel increases exposure to cyberattacks, and the FCC warns that public Wi‑Fi and Bluetooth connections can expose sensitive information if users connect carelessly.

That mix of urgency and convenience is exactly what scammers exploit. The FTC recently warned about fake summer party invitations sent by text and email that try to steal email logins or passcodes, and the FTC also warns that fake rental listings can grab your money before you realize the property is not real.

How can you stay safer on public Wi‑Fi?

Public Wi‑Fi is convenient, but it is not always trustworthy. The FCC says cyber thieves can create imposter hotspots that mimic legitimate networks, while CISA recommends confirming the network name and login process with staff before connecting.

Use these quick habits:

• Verify the hotspot name with staff before you connect.
• Look for https on every page where you enter information.
• Turn off auto-connect so your phone does not join unknown networks automatically.
• Use a trusted VPN if you regularly rely on public Wi‑Fi.
• Avoid online banking or purchases on public Wi‑Fi when possible; the FCC specifically recommends not using public Wi‑Fi to access bank accounts.

What July 4th scams should you watch for?

Be especially skeptical of messages that create urgency. The FTC says fake “You’re invited” texts and emails may impersonate real invitation platforms and ask for your email password or a special code to view event details.

Watch for these red flags:

• A party invite that asks for your email password or login code.
• A vacation rental that looks unusually cheap or pressures you to pay fast.
• Requests to pay by wire transfer, gift card, or cryptocurrency.
• A message that tells you to click now or lose a reservation, account, or deal.

Should you post your July 4th plans in real time?

Probably not. CISA advises people not to tell the social media world they are away from home, to disable geo-tagging, and to wait until they return to post travel photos. That guidance reduces the amount of location and timing data criminals can use against you.

Your July 4th cybersecurity checklist

Before the holiday weekend starts:

• Update your devices and apps.
• Enable multi-factor authentication on email, banking, and social media accounts.
• Back up important data.
• Verify bookings directly on official websites.
• Use your mobile data instead of public Wi‑Fi for sensitive tasks.

The bottom line

Good July 4th cybersecurity is really about slowing down. If you verify networks, avoid suspicious links, protect your logins, and keep vacation details off social media until you get home, you can lower your risk and enjoy the holiday with a lot more peace of mind.

Creating strong, unique passwords for every account can feel impossible. Most people have dozens—if not hundreds—of online accounts, making it tempting to reuse the same password repeatedly.

Unfortunately, password reuse is one of the biggest cybersecurity risks consumers face today.

That’s where Google Password Manager can help. Built directly into Chrome and your Google Account, it can automatically generate strong passwords, save them securely, and fill them in when needed. The result is better security with less effort.

Why should you use unique passwords for every account?

When cybercriminals obtain your password through a data breach, they rarely stop at a single account.

Instead, they use automated attacks known as “credential stuffing” to test the same username and password combination on multiple websites.

According to Google’s Password Checkup research, the company has identified more than 4 billion usernames and passwords exposed through third-party data breaches, demonstrating just how widespread compromised credentials have become. You can learn more in Google’s official Password Checkup announcement.

Using a different password for every account dramatically reduces the impact of a breach because one compromised password won’t unlock multiple accounts.

How does Google’s password generator work?

Google Password Manager can automatically create a long, random password whenever you sign up for a new account.

Instead of trying to invent a secure password yourself, Google generates one that is:

• Strong
• Unique
• Difficult to guess
• Saved automatically for future use

Google then securely stores the password in your Google Account so you don’t have to memorize it.

How do you enable Google’s password-saving feature?

The feature is usually enabled by default, but you can check your settings:

1. Click your profile picture in Chrome.
2. Select Passwords or Google Password Manager.
3. Turn on Offer to Save Passwords.
4. Visit a website where you’d like to create an account.
5. Click inside the password field.
6. Select Use Suggested Password when prompted.

If the suggestion doesn’t appear:

• Right-click the password field.
• Choose Suggest Password.

Google will automatically save the new password for future logins.

Is Google Password Manager safe?

Google designed Password Manager to help users avoid common password mistakes like reuse and weak credentials.

In addition to generating passwords, it can also:

• Identify compromised passwords
• Detect reused passwords
• Flag weak passwords
• Recommend security improvements

Google recommends changing passwords immediately if they are identified as compromised.

Should you still use two-factor authentication?

Absolutely.

Strong passwords are important, but they should be combined with multi-factor authentication (MFA) whenever possible.

MFA adds an extra layer of protection by requiring:

• A password
• A second verification step

Examples include:

• Authentication apps
• Security keys
• Push notifications

Even if an attacker obtains your password, MFA can help prevent unauthorized access.

Best practices for password security

For maximum protection:

✅ Use a unique password for every account

✅ Let Google generate strong passwords

✅ Enable multi-factor authentication

✅ Regularly review compromised password alerts

✅ Avoid sharing passwords

✅ Update passwords after a data breach

✅ Keep your Google Account secure

Managing dozens of passwords doesn’t have to be difficult. Google’s built-in password generator makes it easy to create strong, unique credentials for every account without memorizing them all.

When combined with multi-factor authentication, this simple feature can significantly reduce your risk of account compromise, credential stuffing attacks, and identity theft.

Receiving a data breach notification can be alarming, but ignoring it can be even more dangerous.

When a company notifies you that your information may have been exposed, there’s a good chance cybercriminals have access to at least some of your account data. One of the most important steps you can take is changing your password immediately—and if you’ve reused that password elsewhere, updating those accounts too.

Good password hygiene remains one of the most effective ways to protect your digital life.

What should you do after a data breach notification?

The first priority is determining what information was exposed.

A breach may involve:

• Usernames
• Passwords
• Email addresses
• Payment information
• Personal data
• Security questions

If passwords were part of the breach, assume the exposed password is no longer safe to use.

Security experts recommend changing affected passwords as soon as possible and reviewing other accounts that may be using the same credentials. Google similarly advises users to change compromised passwords immediately when detected through Password Checkup.

Why is changing your password so important?

Once credentials appear in a breach dataset, cybercriminals often use automated tools to test those usernames and passwords across hundreds of websites.

This attack method is known as credential stuffing.

According to Google’s Password Checkup initiative, the company has identified more than 4 billion usernames and passwords exposed through third-party data breaches, highlighting the enormous scale of compromised credentials circulating online. You can read more in Google’s official Password Checkup resources and guidance.

The longer you wait to update exposed credentials, the greater the chance attackers will try to access your accounts.

Should you change all your passwords?

If you reuse passwords, the answer is yes.

Many consumers unknowingly use the same password for:

• Email accounts
• Shopping websites
• Streaming services
• Social media platforms
• Banking accounts

If one account is breached, attackers may gain access to several others using the same login information.

Start by updating:

• Your email account
• Financial accounts
• Password manager account
• Social media profiles
• Cloud storage services

These accounts often provide access to additional personal information.

How do you create a strong password?

A strong password should be:

• Long and unique
• Difficult to guess
• Different for every account
• Random whenever possible

Avoid using:

• Birthdays
• Pet names
• Common words
• Reused passwords

The easiest solution is to use a trusted password manager that can generate and store unique credentials for every account.

Why should you enable two-factor authentication?

Changing a password is important, but adding two-factor authentication (2FA) provides another layer of protection.

With 2FA enabled, attackers typically need:

1. Your password
2. A second verification factor

Examples include:

• Authentication apps
• Security keys
• Push notifications

Even if a password is exposed in a breach, 2FA can significantly reduce the risk of unauthorized access.

How can you check whether your accounts have been exposed?

Several tools can help identify compromised credentials, including:

• Google Password Checkup
• Password manager security reports
• Breach monitoring services

Regularly reviewing account security helps you catch potential problems before criminals exploit them.

Data breach response checklist

If you receive a breach notification:

✅ Change affected passwords immediately

✅ Update any reused passwords

✅ Enable two-factor authentication

✅ Review account activity

✅ Monitor financial statements

✅ Update security questions if necessary

✅ Use a password manager going forward

The bottom line

A data breach notification should never be ignored. While you can’t control whether a company experiences a breach, you can control how quickly you respond.

Updating passwords, eliminating password reuse, and enabling two-factor authentication are among the most effective steps you can take to protect your accounts and reduce your risk of identity theft or account takeover.

Public Wi‑Fi is everywhere—airports, hotels, coffee shops, restaurants, and shopping centers. While these networks are convenient, they can also expose you to cybersecurity risks if you’re not careful.

One of the safest habits you can adopt is avoiding online banking and other financial activities while connected to public Wi‑Fi. If you need to check your bank account, transfer funds, or pay bills, it’s best to use a trusted cellular connection or a secure VPN.

Is it safe to use online banking on public Wi‑Fi?

The answer depends on the network and your security practices.

The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) notes that public Wi‑Fi security has improved significantly because most modern websites and apps use encryption. However, scammers continue to exploit public networks using fake hotspots, malicious websites, and phishing techniques designed to steal sensitive information.

Even if your banking app encrypts your data, connecting through an untrusted network can increase your overall risk.

What are the risks of using banking apps on public Wi‑Fi?

Cybercriminals frequently target travelers and remote workers using public hotspots.

Potential threats include:

• Fake Wi‑Fi networks that mimic legitimate hotspots
• Phishing pages designed to capture usernames and passwords
• Malware downloads from malicious websites
• Session hijacking attacks
• Credential theft through unsecured connections

The FCC warns that public Wi‑Fi networks can expose sensitive financial information if users are not careful about how they connect and what information they transmit.

How do hackers create fake Wi‑Fi networks?

One common tactic is the “evil twin” attack.

A cybercriminal creates a hotspot with a name similar to a legitimate network, such as:

• Airport_Free_WiFi
• HotelGuestWiFi
• CoffeeShop_WiFi

Unsuspecting users connect to the fake network and unknowingly expose browsing activity, login credentials, and other sensitive information.

The FCC specifically recommends verifying hotspot names before connecting.

What should you do instead?

If you need to access financial information while away from home:

Use your mobile data connection

A cellular network is generally safer than an unknown public hotspot because it is managed by your mobile carrier and is less vulnerable to local network attacks.

Use a trusted VPN

A Virtual Private Network (VPN) encrypts traffic between your device and the internet, providing an additional layer of protection when using public networks. The FCC recommends considering a VPN when regularly using public Wi‑Fi.

Enable multi-factor authentication

Protect banking, email, and financial accounts with multi-factor authentication (MFA). Even if a password is compromised, MFA can help prevent unauthorized access.

How can you stay safe on public Wi‑Fi?

Follow these cybersecurity best practices:

• Verify the network name with staff.
• Use websites and apps that utilize HTTPS encryption.
• Keep devices updated.
• Avoid logging into financial accounts when possible.
• Turn off automatic Wi‑Fi connections.
• Use strong, unique passwords.
• Enable MFA on important accounts.
• Disconnect from Wi‑Fi when you’re finished using it.

The bottom line

Public Wi‑Fi isn’t always dangerous, but it’s not the ideal place to access sensitive financial information. If you need to use your online banking app in public, protect yourself with a trusted VPN or use your cellular network instead.

A few extra precautions can help keep your money, personal information, and financial accounts safe from cybercriminals.